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know and understand centrifugal pumps pdf

know and understand centrifugal pumps pdf


 Contents

1 Basic Pump Principles
Introduction
?How do pumps work
Pressure measurement
Atmospheric pressure (ATM)
Absolute pressure (psia)
Gauge pressure (psig)
Vacuum
Pump head
Specific gravity
Pressure measurement
Pressures inside the pump
2 NPSH, Net Positive Suction Head
Introduction
Definition of NPSHr (required)
Definition NPSHa (available)
3 Cavitation
Introduction
Vapor pressure
Cavitation
The effects of vapor pressure on pump performance
Cavitation: A practical discussion
Review for preventing cavitation
Cavitation review
Do something about cavitation!
4 The Affinity Laws
Introduction
The Laws
The Affinity Laws and the impeller diameter
What’s the practical application of these laws?
5 Useful Work and Pump Efficiency
Useful work from a pump
Flow determination

Pump efficiency

Factors that affect the efficiency
Calculating pump efficiency
6 Pump Classification
Introduction
Positive displacement pumps
Centrifugal pumps
Conceptual difference
Centrifugal volute pumps
Types of centrifugal pumps
Overhung impeller
Impeller between the bearings
Turbine pumps
Specific duty pumps
The typical ANSI pump
API (American Petroleum Institute) pumps
Vertical turbine pumps
Non-metallic pumps
Magnetic drive pumps
Canned motor pumps
Pump impellers
Turbine impellers
Conventional impellers
Suction specific speed, Nss
Open impellers
Semi open impeller
Totally enclosed impeller
Wear bands
Specific speed, Ns
7 Understanding Pump Curves
Pump performance curves
History
Head versus pressure
H-Q
Pump efficiency
The energy (BHp) curve
The pump’s minimum requirements (NPSH)
Special design pumps
Family curves
8 The System Curve
The system controls the pump
The elements of the Total Dynamic Head (TDH)
Determining the Hs
Determining the Hp
Calculating the Hf and Hv
The dynamic system
Variable elevations
The happy zone
Dynamic pressures
Variable resistances
Short term resistance changes
Long term resistance changes
Pumps in parallel and pumps in series
Pumps in parallel
Three tips
Pumps running in series
Combined parallel and series pump operation
9 Shaft Deflection
Introduction
Operation, design and maintenance
Signs of shaft deflection
Interpreting the evidence
The sweet zone
The dual volute pump

Preface

Very few industrial pumps come out of service and go into the maintenance shop because the volute casing or impeller split down the middle, or because the shaft fractured into four pieces. The majority of pumps go into the shop because the bearings or the mechanical seal failed. Most mechanics spend their time at work time greasing and changing bearings, changing pump packing, and mechanical seals. The mechanical engineers spend their time comparing the various claims of the pump manufacturers, trying desperately to relate the theory learned at the University with the reality of the industrial plant. Purchasing agents have to make costly decisions with inadequate information at their disposal. Process engineers and operators are charged with maintaining and increasing production. The focus of industrial plant maintenance has always been that the design is correct, and that the operation of the pumps in the system is as it should be. In this book, you will see that in the majority of occasions, this is not true. Most of us in maintenance spend our valuable time, just changing parts, and in the best of cases, performing preventive maintenance, trying to diminish the time required to change those parts.

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